The lift is from air speed, which has zero to do with ground speed or tire speed.

If I left the landing gear up, so the plane is resting on its belly...and applied enough thrust, it would push the plane along the ground skittering and grinding, etc...until it had enough air speed to fly.

So its moving relative to the air, creating lift as the the air moves over the wings...the tires just hold it up.

Remember the old Road Runner Cartoons where he'd strap his ACME rocket pack on, stand on roller skates, fire it up, and chase the Road Runner?

Imagine he's on a tread mill...the rocket pack will push him forward throught the air EXACTLY the same way, even if the tread mill is making the roller skate WHEELS go faster...

...but, the roller skates themselves, and the attached Wiley Coyote, will be propelled foward, through the air, off the cliff, just like always.



Its the air speed that creates the lift...the wheel speed is not relevent.

_______

Oh, and as for the ballistics question...its a fairly well known principle that the time for the bullet, or cannon shell, etc...to hit the ground, is the same for one fired horizontally or dropped from the same starting point...to the same end elevation.

Obviously, a more powerful blast will make the END POINT further away..but, it will be going faster, and need less time to cover the distance as a less powerful blast, etc.