An aircraft's ability to leave a conveyor-belt runway is influenced PREDOMINANTLY by the speed rating of its tires.

I briefly searched google, and found that a common speed rating of many aircraft tires is 160knots . There are some tires with speed ratings as high as 225knots.

Most people in this discussion believe that the aircraft will take off on a conveyor belt. A few still hold onto the fact that the plane never moves relative to its surroundings, which has been disproved many times.

The plane DOES move towards the end of the runway, which moves backwards at the same rate, making only the tires spin faster (but the plane still moves forwards). Wheel bearing friction is negligible, provided proper bearing maintenance. However, if the tire speed exceeds 160knots, which means the plane's groundspeed/airspeed can only be 80knots, the tire is at risk of failure while it's on the conveyor belt. Most planes require airspeeds of approx 80-90knots to acquire lift. On the scenario's conveyor belt, the tires would have to spin at an effective speed at 180knots, which is a little faster than the speed rating of the tire.

As long as the tire can hold together before the plane takes off, the plane will fly away. But if the tire fails before then, the plane is probably going to lose control near the end of the runway and probably crash.