But your next example has definable factors. Traction, the type of along with the weight of your vehicle all come into play and we can determine the best possible way to pull you up the hill because the hill you are trying to drive up is not moving in the opposite direction as your attempt at movement.

Your treadmill is set up to negate the amound of force you apply towards forward progress therefore even if you were being pulled by that car I posted a picture of (assuming that your feet could move at three hundred MPH or you had wheels instead of feet) you would still be riding the treadmill to nowhere.

Matching exact speed is matching exact speed regardless of whether the force applied is internal or external. Remember the wheels of the plane has no source of power themselves. Their only movement is as the result of an external force.