Yes, except for one problem - there is no fact or assumption that the plane remains in one spot relative to the ground. That would be a false assumption

Let me take my "front wheels on coneyor, rear wheel on ground" one step farther.

The planes starts with no speed with the front wheels on the conveyor and the rear rears off the conveyor.

The conveyor is set to match the speed of the plane, so whatever the plane's speed is at any exact moment the conveyors speed is.

As the planes speed increases, does the plane move (not neccessairly take flight) with repect to the ground?

If the plane moves, then the plane on a conveyor flies.

If the plane does not move, then the plane on the conveyor does not fly

Since it would be impossible for the rear wheel to be on solid ground and not moving when the plane has a speed of anything greater than 0mph, then of course the plane moves, and thus the plane on the conveyor must fly.