DBAX - You done good son.
The seat of the pants impressions can be misleading if noise is involved, it makes it seem faster if its louder.
The general principle is that the gas is mixed with oxygen so it can explode... things like gas, that burn, have upper and lower flammable ranges ...in otherwords, too much gas/not enough oxygen, or too little gas/too much oxygen...won't burn.
The limiting factor in most engines is pumping enough air...they can usually pump enough gas.
Engine programming typically includes a ramp comparing volume of fuel to volume of air, so as to essentially measure the incoming air volume, and squirt enough gas into it so as to create a mixture that will burn well.
For modern engine programs and injection systems....the rule of thumb is that the more air you can blow in, the more fuel you can blow in, and, the more fuel to explode, potentially, the more power you can generate per explosion. (More air = more potential power)
The limiting factor is the programming of the engine, if you supply more air than its programmed to handle, the gas supply is typically clipped off at the last programmed flow rate....and you get no additional power, sometimes even less.
You can reprogram (Tuning chips/boxes, etc...), and be able to handle more that way, etc.
Increasing the capacity of the intake and exhaust typically goes hand in hand, as if you only increase one, the other just becomes the bottle neck.
In the old days (Carbs, etc...), you needed some backpressure, essentially to operate the valves properly, and too little back pressure would hurt low rpm torque.
Free flowing exhausts always help power at high rpms, and tend not to hurt it at low rpms anymore.
At low rpms, the engine is pumping less air, and the intakes and exhausts are not yet in the way as they can be at high rpms.
Modern exhausts can also be designed to create pulses and harmonic pressure flows in both directions, which can help to scavange unburned fuel, etc...and improve fuel efficiency as well as power...an aftermarket exhaust typically doesn't get engineered that specifically...and that can impact torque and horse pressure, etc.
Hope that helps.