Let me try to answer some of your questions as best as I can:
differential fluid is the fluid inside your differentials. If you have a 4x4, you have two diffs. If you have a 4x2, just one diff, in the rear. It keeps your running gears (inside the diff) lubed up etc, so you need to keep it clean. In my experience, you can go along time between changes if you don't off-road into water etc...... To be safe/anal, I replace at every 30k miles or so... It's easy enough to do... If you do go into deep water etc, then obviously, you'd want to check the oil for water infiltration.
as far as changing tranny fluid, that's not a bad idea BUT flushing might be depending upon when the last flush was. If you have a brand new car, and flush every 30k, no problem. If you have a truck with 100k on it and it's never been flushed, you may loosen big crap up internally with a flush....potentially pluging line up etc...
i'd go with what the manula says, just to play it safe and clean....
the radiator doesn't need flushing every year, probably something like 3 years, but whatever the manual shows, I'd do....
hope that helps...