No, it DOES match the plane's speed. But despite that the planes still takes off because the rotating speed of the wheels doesn't matter in relationship to the forward thrust provided by the engines. Don't get caught up with the wheels. What if it was a slick surface and the plane was on skis or skates? Would the plane take off? It doesn't even have wheels now.

The only point at which the speed of the conveyor matters at all is if it can create enough speed to in turn create enough drag to counter thrust. That's it. As long as thrust is sufficiently greater than drag, the plane flies. Like I said before at that point it isn't matching the speed of the plane but vastly exceeding it and outside the scope of the question.